Poland is a Central European nation with a colourful history and culture. Its central city, Warsaw, serves as its capital and has a population of about 38.5 million. Poland is well recognised for its industrial base, agriculture, and expanding services industry. It has a mixed-market economy. The nation has a variety of historical attractions, beautiful landscapes, and energetic cities that draw visitors from all over the world. Poland has a sophisticated educational system, accessible healthcare for all citizens, and cutting-edge infrastructure. Poland is significant in Europe's economic and geopolitical elements as a member of the EU and NATO.
The service sector is the most significant component of its economy, followed by industry and agriculture. With the economic reform in 1989, the Polish external debt increased from $42.2 billion in 1989 to $365.2 billion in 2014. Poland shipped US$224.6 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2017, while exports increased to US$221.4 billion. The country's top export goods include machinery, electronic equipment, vehicles, furniture, and plastics.
Poland is a member state of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, NATO, and the European Union (including the Schengen Area).
According to a survey on labour demand conducted by Statistics Poland among organisations with at least one employee, 470 400 new positions were created in Poland in 2020, with the bulk of this employment being in the private sector (90,5%). Most recent work was generated in businesses with less than nine employees (39.1%), while the least was in companies with more than 49 employees (28.3%). In Poland, there were 83 400 positions on average in 2020, 41.3% fewer than in 2019. In 2020, there were 91 100 vacancies at the end of the third quarter, which was the most, and 76 500 at the end of the first quarter, which was the least.
The following PKD (Polish Classification of Activities) divisions had the majority of open positions in 2020 on average:
According to the survey above, professionals (approximately 23,6%), craft and related trades workers (approximately 22,5%), plant and machine operators and assemblers (approximately 15,7%), clerical support workers (9.5%), service and sales workers (9.4%), and technicians and associate professionals (about 8.7%) had the most openings in 2020. According to the labour demand survey, just 14% of spaces in 2020 were reported to labour offices; 26% of these openings were in the education sector, more than 21% in the construction sector, and only 1.4% were in the information and communication sector.
The following sections of the PKD (Polish Classification of Activities) had the highest proportions of job openings and sites of professional activation that were reported to labour offices in 2020:
Based on the Occupational Barometer survey commissioned by the Minister of Development, Labour and Technology, carried out in all districts, 29 shortage occupations were identified in 2021 at the national level.
One hundred thirty-eight occupations were considered balanced at the national level. The following previously shortage groups became balanced: automotive sheet-metal workers, spray painters and varnishers, hairdressers, and accounting and bookkeeping clerks. On the other hand, Ambulance workers will become a shortage group in 2021.
A balanced and stable situation in the labour market in 2021 may be observed, first and foremost, in the case of postal workers (balance forecast in 363 of 380 districts), Leisure and sports trainers (balance forecast in 360 communities with local surpluses forecast in 10 sections), veterinarians and insurance agents (in both cases the balance is indicated in 359 districts).
The fact that a given occupational group remains a shortage group or remains balanced on the labour market at the national level does not mean that the same trend can be observed in all provinces. The situation in this respect varies from one region to another.
Which types of workers need to be added in Poland?
Construction and health care were the industries with the most significant shortages in 2022. You can view the complete list below, which includes the following occupations:
Workers are available in Poland in all the different provinces and cities. Poland's central regions where you can find labour are as follows:
Various industries and a young workforce distinguish Poland's labour market. Here is a quick synopsis of Poland's job market:
It's crucial to remember that Poland's labour markets may vary by region, with big cities like Warsaw, Kraków, and Wrocaw having a wider variety of employment options. English proficiency, in particular, can be advantageous in many different fields.
| Year | Minimum Wage per Month (gross) | Minimum Wage per Hour (gross) |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | PLN 3,490 | PLN 22.80 |
The amounts mentioned are before tax. The current minimum wage in Poland is PLN 3,490.00 per month, effective from January 1, 2023, until June 30, 2023. The hourly minimum wage is PLN 22.80.
It's essential to comply with the minimum wage regulations in Poland to ensure fair compensation for workers. Employers who do not pay the minimum wage may face penalties from the Polish government.
Please remember that this information is based on your provided details and may be subject to change. For the most up-to-date and accurate information, it is advisable to refer to official sources or consult with local labour authorities in Poland.
Poland, being a member of the European Union and the Schengen Area, issues several types of visas to non-EU nationals, depending on the purpose and duration of stay. Here are the main categories:
Each of these visas or permits comes with its own requirements and application processes, so it's crucial to verify the current regulations with the Polish embassy or consulate in your home country or consult the relevant authorities in Poland.
There are five types of work permits:
In Poland, particular standards must be met to obtain a work visa. The requirements could change depending on the work permit you're asking for and your specific situation. The following criteria must be met to apply for a work visa in Poland:
It's crucial to remember that depending on the type of work permit, the applicant's unique situation, and any changes to immigration laws, the particular requirements and procedures may change. To ensure accurate and current information based on your situation, consult the relevant authorities or seek expert counsel.
| Visa Type | Poland Schengen Visa | Poland Long-Term Visa |
|---|---|---|
| Validity | Up to 90 days within 180 days | Beyond 90 days |
| Purpose | Tourism, business, short-term stays | Work, study, family reunification, long-term stays |
| Duration | Short-term | Long-term |
| Employment | Not permitted for work purposes | Permitted for work purposes |
| Visa Category | C-type visa | D-type visa |
| Application | Applied at the Polish embassy or consulate in the country of residence | Used at the Polish embassy or consulate in the land of residence |
| Required Documents | Valid passport, travel insurance, accommodation details, proof of sufficient funds | Valid passport, purpose-specific documents (employment contract, study offer, etc.), proof of financial stability |
| Processing Time | Usually processed within 15 calendar days | Longer processing time varies based on the visa category and individual circumstances. |
| Schengen Area Access | Permits travel within the Schengen Area | Limited to Poland only |
| Extension | Extensions not possible; need to exit and re-enter the Schengen Area | Extensions possible based on specific visa categories and circumstances |
The table provides a general overview, and it's essential to consult official sources or the Polish embassy for the most up-to-date and detailed information on the specific requirements and regulations for each visa type.
You must complete several procedures to apply for a work permit in Poland. Here is a general description of what happens:
You should obtain a job offer from a Polish employer: The employer should provide you with a written employment contract or a letter of intent specifying your employment terms and conditions.
Check Eligibility: Ensure you meet the eligibility criteria for the specific work permit category you are applying for. Different work permits have diverse requirements and conditions.
Labor Market Test: The employer must demonstrate that no suitable candidate from Poland or the European Union (EU) is available. This typically involves advertising the vacancy and documenting the recruitment efforts.
Gather Required Documents: Collect all the necessary documents for the work permit application. These may include:
Submit the Application: The employer should submit the work permit application to the appropriate regional office of the Voivodeship Office (Urzad Wojewodzki) or the local branch of the Polish Immigration Office (Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemcow).
Pay Application Fees: Pay the required application fees for the work permit. The fee amount may vary depending on the type of work permit and processing time. Could you keep the payment receipt as proof of payment?
Await Processing: The regional office will review your application and supporting documents. The processing time may vary, but it typically takes several weeks. The authorities may request additional records or information if needed during this time.
Receive Decision: Once the processing is complete, you will receive a decision on your work permit application. If approved, you will be issued a work permit.
Apply for Residence Permit: Depending on the duration of your employment, you may need to apply for a separate residence permit at the appropriate Voivodeship Office or the local Foreigners' Office. The residence permit allows you to reside in Poland during your employment legally.
It's crucial to remember that depending on the type of work permit, the applicant's unique situation, and any changes to immigration laws, the particular requirements and procedures may change. To ensure accurate and current information based on your situation, consult the relevant authorities or seek expert counsel.
In Poland, obtaining a work permit has many advantages. The following are some benefits of getting a work permit in Poland:
It's vital to remember that the particular entitlements and benefits may change based on the type of work permit, unique situations, and any adjustments to labour and immigration laws. To ensure accurate and current information based on your case, consult the relevant authorities or seek expert counsel.
As well as the work permit permits employment, TCNs require a National D Visa to enter and stay in Poland legally. This can be applied to the home country from a local Polish Embassy, Consulate, or official representative. A Residence Permit can be used when arriving in Poland.
Living costs in Poland can vary depending on the city and individual lifestyle choices. Here is a general overview of some everyday expenses in Poland:
| Expense | Cost Range (Monthly) |
|---|---|
| Rent (1-bedroom apartment in the city centre) | 2,000 - 3,500 PLN |
| Rent (1-bedroom apartment outside the city centre) | 1,500 - 2,800 PLN |
| Utilities (electricity, heating, water) | 250 - 600 PLN |
| Internet | 60 - 100 PLN |
| Groceries | 600 - 1,200 PLN |
| Dining out | 20 - 60 PLN per meal |
| Public Transportation | 90 - 150 PLN |
| Gym Membership | 100 - 200 PLN |
| Mobile Phone Plan | 40 - 80 PLN |
| Health Insurance | 150 - 300 PLN |
| Entertainment and Leisure | Varies depending on personal choices |
So be careful; you may need to apply for a new work permit if there is a change of employer and all documents are rendered invalid by the move.
Being illegal in Poland can bring fines and sanctions for employees and employers. Reasons include:
Fines up to PLN 5,000 (€1,103, US$1,264) for individuals and expulsion from Poland and the Schengen area for three years can apply. Employers must cover all costs relating to the removal of employees PLUS fines, which can be excessive if the employee was asked to work illegally.
These employees can apply for a combined Temporary Residence and Work Permit or an EU Blue Card, also known as a "Temporary Residence Permit for highly qualified employment." This permit allows foreign nationals to live and work in Poland. Certain conditions and documents are required when applying.
A step-by-step guide to applying for a visa to Poland, and interview questions
To start the Poland visa application process, you have to contact the nearest Polish embassy and Poland VFS and set up a visa appointment online.
The steps to follow to apply for a Poland visa are as follows:
Depending on where you live, you can apply for a Poland visa at one of the following:
Regardless of where you have to apply, your first point of reference should be a Polish embassy or consulate. You can find Poland's missions abroad here. Or Book VFS Center here.
It is essential to set up a visa appointment at the embassy. You must apply for the Poland visa appointment at least two weeks before your planned visit to Poland. You can schedule a visa appointment, complete the Poland visa application form and pay the fee at the e-Konsulat (Poland's consular website). You must download the application form and attach it to the rest of the documents.
After you schedule your appointment and pay the fee online, you must submit your documents to the Polish embassy/consulate in person. Find the Polish e-Konsulat website here.
The required documents for a Poland visa application are:
On your appointment date, submit the visa application and all the required documents to your nearest Polish embassy or consulate. Make sure you remember all of the requirements, as your application may be denied immediately.
The interview section of a Schengen visa application is often required. The interview process lets the interviewers know the reasons for your visit and other personal information. It would help if you answered the questions truthfully.
The standard processing time for a Poland visa application is between 10 and 14 days. This timeframe may be extended for 45-60 days in some occurrences.
The processing begins when the embassy or consulate receives your visa application and documents. The time could be extended if you are asked to submit additional documents.
During a work visa interview at the Poland Embassy, the consular officer may ask various questions to assess your eligibility and intentions for working in Poland. While specific questions may vary, here are some common work visa interview questions you may encounter:
It's essential to answer these questions truthfully, provide any documentation you requested, and show your genuine intentions for working in Poland. Being well-prepared, organised, and confident during the interview will significantly enhance your chances of a successful work visa application.
You can register and pay the Poland visa fee online via the e-Konsulat. This fee is calculated based on your age and your choice of visa type. This fee must be paid when you go and submit your application. The prices for different kinds of Poland visas and ages are as follows:
So that you know, you will need to pay additional fees if you require other consular services. If you apply through a visa application agency (such as VFS), you must also pay an additional service fee.
After receiving the Poland Schengen visa, you must enter Poland before your visa expires. Because of the continuous spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, from 2020, you will be asked to provide additional documents when entering Poland after receiving your visa. You should fill out the Passenger Locator Form. This form is necessary so you can be contacted in case an infected passenger is on the plane, and you will get the needed help.
If your visa application is rejected/denied, you can appeal. Your Poland visa may be rejected even if you have done all the application steps correctly. Common reasons for visa rejection include:
You can submit the appeal within eight weeks of your rejected visa application. If you would like more information on how to appeal, please review your rejection form, which will have instructions on continuing the appeal process.
Please remember the appeal process fee and that you must pay it. The appeal fee is around €80.
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Would you like some advice? So that you know, the information I've included here is for you to review. You'll always need to consult with your legal and tax advisor(s) and follow their guidance. AtoZ Serwis Plus cannot assist with legal or tax matters. The information presented is not specific to any particular company or workforce nor reflects how AtoZ Serwis Plus products are distributed in any jurisdiction. Instead, it is general. AtoZ Serwis Plus makes no representations or warranties regarding this information's accuracy, completeness, or timeliness. It shall not be liable for any losses from using or relying on it. It is your responsibility to exercise caution when using this information.
Foreigners need to obtain work permits in Poland if they intent do work in Poland for more than three months and they have a work contract concluded with an employer registered in Poland. The future employer must apply for a work permit for the employee. Residence permits are also necessary if the individual wishes to stay more than three months in the country.
Our lawyers in Poland can help you with detailed information about the Polish employment law.
There are five types of work permits available in Poland for foreigners who want to work in the country. The employee must bear in mind that his or her employer is the one responsible for obtaining the work permit. Work permits are issued at a regional level and have a limited duration, according to the type of work that is to be performed by the employee (seasonal or permanent work).
The main types of work permits in Poland are:
The employer who wants to hire a foreign employee needs to submit the application for a work permit, together with the following documents:
- copies of the ID card or passport of the employee;
- documents from the National Court Register if the employee is a legal person;
- document proving the economic activity of the employer;
- a company deed, if the employer is a limited liability company;
- documents that prove that the foreigner meets the requirements for working in a specific position;
- copy of the employment contract that defines the obligations of the two parties.
Certain fees for the issue of a work permit application in Poland according to the type of work permit and the period for which the permit is requested. Our Polish lawyers can help you apply for a work permit in Poland.
A work permit in Poland has a fixed validity period, usually no longer than three years. This period can be of five years when the said foreign employee is a Board member for a company that has more than 25 employees when the application is made.
The work permit validity is established by each Voivodship, and as a consequence, employees should be well informed of the certain validity period for the location in which they will work. For example, some voivodships issue work permits with a validity of only one year and they can be extended for no more than two years.
In Poland, the employer will make the necessary work permit extension. For this purpose, he will submit the application for extending the permit no later than 30 days before the expiry of the currently valid work permit. Just like when first submitting the work permit application, the one for the extension will include documents such as proof of payment, the employee’s personal identification details, and the valid employment contract. Additional steps, such as a labor market test for the employee, may be needed when the employer decided that the foreign individual should be promoted.
Work permits in Poland should be issues within one month and the costs are not burdensome for the employer. In general, the extension applications will cost half of the fees for the initial application. The procedure can last longer but in general not more than two months, when the employee who requests the permit has a more complicated situation.
A Polish Voivode can refuse a work permit application. This can happen when:
- the submitted information was false or a document was found to be a forgery;
- the applicant does not meet the approval criteria: has committed crimes or has been found guilty by court verdict for illegal foreign employment;
- the employer did not observe his obligations for hiring foreign employees;
- the employer filed for work permit application for an employee who does not meet the qualification criteria for regulated professions or has been found guilty/was punished for a crime.
When any changes occur to the status of the company that performed the employment, such as a change in the company’s residence, its legal form or name, these changes, along with any other that may occur, need to be reported to the Voivode in writing, by filling in a special form. The submission is made with the Voivode that issues the work permit.
Please contact our Organization in Poland if you need further information, such as the legal requirements for obtaining a residence permit in Poland. Also if you want to specialize in a particular area, such as management, finance or leadership, before coming to work in Poland,
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